Showing posts with label the XXth... a super century. Show all posts
Showing posts with label the XXth... a super century. Show all posts
1895 - The Dickson Experimental Sound Film
The Dickson Experimental Sound Film is a film made by William Dickson in late 1894 or early 1895. It is the first known film with live-recorded sound and appears to be the first example of a motion picture made for the Kinetophone, the proto-sound-film system developed by Dickson and Thomas Edison. (The Kinetophone—consisting of a Kinetoscope accompanied by a cylinder-playing phonograph—was not a true sound-film system as no attempt was made to synchronize image and audio throughout playback.) The film was produced at the "Black Maria," Edison's New Jersey film studio. There is no evidence that it was ever exhibited in its original format. Newly digitized and restored, it is the only surviving Kinetophone film.
The movie features Dickson playing a violin into a recording cone for an off-camera wax cylinder.[1] The melody is from a barcarolle, "Song of the Cabin Boy," from Les Cloches de Corneville (literally The Bells of Corneville; presented in English-speaking countries as The Chimes of Normandy), a light opera composed by Robert Planquette in 1877.[2] In front of Dickson, two men dance to the music. In the final seconds, a fourth man briefly crosses from left to right behind the cone. The running time of the restored film is seventeen seconds; the accompanying cylinder contains approximately two minutes of sound, including twenty-three seconds of violin music, encompassing the film's soundtrack. After its restoration in 2000, the Dickson Experimental Sound Film was selected for inclusion in the United States National Film Registry.
Cell phone photo timeline
1922: Pioneer
The police in Chicago experiment with a radio telephone which broadcast at a frequency just above the AM radio band
1940s: Horseback
The US Army Signal Corps communicate via radio in the field during wartime. 
1959: Commercial Model
Reginald Blevins, the Postmaster General of the UK, inaugurates the first radio telephone service for motorists. 
1972: Portable
A model shows off a unit that could dial into telephone systems, displayed at a London exhibition entitled, "Communications Today, Tomorrow and the Future." 
1983: Inventor
Martin Cooper is credited with developing the first cell phone approved for commercial use. 
The Century of the Self
BBC Documentary about the XXth century revolution of the mind. It is a unique version, that somebody might find untrue, of how some of Freud's discoveries have fueled our way of development and society and the cultural conflicts of today. It could be seeing as another brithis 'conspiracy' film, but it is well prepared and researched.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)/capita
These maps show the changing distribution of Gross Domestic Product (GDP)/capita. Gross Domestic Product is the total money value of goods and services produced in a country in one year. GDP/capita is the total divided by the number of people in the country. In other words, GDP/capita is a measure of the value of products made and services provided by each person. It is a measure of the average productive capacity of people in one country. Since productive capacity has a strong influence on living conditions, including wages, food, housing and healthcare, GDP/capita provides a rough estimate of living standards and is frequently termed 'income'.
These maps show GDP/capita measured at purchasing power parity (PPP). This means that the value of goods in one country is valued in US dollars using the ratio of the cost of a basket of common goods in the two countries. This takes into account general price differences in the two countries.
A separate presentation, in this section of the Atlas, presents changing GNP (Gross National Product)/capita data. GNP differs from GDP through the inclusion of the overseas income of nationals. So, for example, the US GNP includes the overseas income of corporations based in the US. GNP/capita price data is available for a longer period. But GDP (PPP)/capita is a more robust and straightforward measure of comparative levels of economic activity.
What the maps suggest
PPP (purchasing power parity) comparisons of national income take into account differences in living costs among countries. As a general rule, food, housing, transport and other goods, are cheaper in the global south than in the industrialized north. As a consequence, comparisons using national income at purchasing power parity suggest that some aspects of economic inequality are less marked than if the comparison is made with market exchange rates of the currencies concerned.
For example, the maps below show few countries with per capita income less than $1 per day. And, the picture of African per capita output is less bleak than if output were compared using exchange rates (as is done in the GNP/capita series of maps).
This map series suggests some improvement in national output in the global South. Most of Asia and much of Africa have per capita national output below $2 per day in 1975. By 1999, no large countries in Asia, and few in Africa are below that level. Most have shifted to the range $730 to $5000 ($2 to $14 per day).
GDP (PPP) / capita measures of output do not show the striking growth of East Asian miracle economies as strongly as measures of GNP/capita. South Korean output per capita has shifted from the $730 to $5k category to the $10k to 20k category.
Life expectancy at birth, 40 years comparison
North South gap in life expectancy is narrowing fast
Life expectancy estimates how long a baby born today can expect to live. It varies by wealth, gender and ethnicity. The rich, for example, with better access to food and healthcare, live longer than the poor. In aggregate, nevertheless, life expectancy provides a robust measure of living conditions in a particular country.
Maps on this page show national estimates of Life Expectancy by decade since 1960. The gap between the industrialized North and the non-industrialized South was most marked in 1960. Since then this element of inequality has been declining. People have been living longer all over the world.
By 1980, people in some countries of N W Europe could expect to live beyond 75. By 1990, this was a reasonable expectation in most countries of the industrialized world. In 1960, few people in Asia expected to live more than 50. By the end of the century, most can expect to live to 60 or beyond. China, in particular, made great strides; its average life expectancy almost doubled, increasing from 36 to 70.
Examination of African life expectancies between 1970 and 1999 shows an exception to the general picture of people living longer. In some countries, life expectancy has fallen. The acquired immune deficiency syndrome, AIDS, has lowered life expectancy in some countries of Africa during the 1980s and 1990s.
the computers we learn on.. start-up & booting sequence
Windows Sounds and Logos
1986 IBM XT booting to DOS 3.1
IBM Model 5150 PC
Windows 95 in a 2GHZ computer
IBM PS/2 MODEL P70-386
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